Mrs. Cook's Blog

Honors Chemistry: Week of Dec 7

Organic nomenclature : beyond GPS

 

Monday: Page 717, #1-4, (#4 name them too), 6, 8

 

Tuesday: Page 726, #1, 4-6

 

Wednesday: Page 731, #1-4

 

Thursday: Exam Review vocabulary (see assignment sheet link at top of blog)

 

Friday: Exam Review problems (See assignment sheet link at top of blog)

Honors Chemistry: organic nomenclature notes

Section 20.1

Carbon is unusual :  Bonds strongly to itself , Forms long chains or rings

Organic compounds – vast majority of carbon compounds

Exceptions – oxides and carbonates

Carbon Bonding: When carbon has 4 atoms bound to it these atoms have a tetrahedral shape.

Single bond – sharing one pair of electrons ( 2 electrons)

Double bond – sharing two pairs of electrons (4 electrons)

Triple bond – sharing three pairs of electrons (6 electrons)

Hydrocarbons – compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen

Saturated – all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds

Unsaturated – containing carbon-carbon multiple bonds

 

Alkanes = all single bonds (General formula: C_nH_2n+2)  Page 704

Normal = straight chair or unbranched hydrocarbon

Structural isomerism – occurs when 2 molecules have the same atoms but different bonds (page 705)

 

Naming Alkanes

The name for an alkane is based on Greek root with the suffix –ane.

meth = 1, eth=2, etc.  See chart in book

Rules on page 710

Commas separate numbers.
Dashes separate numbers from letters.

Example 20.3 on page 706

Example and practice 20.4 (page 711)
   and 20.5 (page 714)

Homework: Page 717, #1-4, (#4 name them too), 6, 8

 

Section 20.2

Halogen substitutions

-F   fluoro

-Cl  chloro

-Br  bromo

-I iodo

 

One other common substitution to know

-NO₂   (nitro)

 

alkenes – hydrocarbon containing carbon-carbon double bonds (General formula C_nH_2n  )

alkynes – hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds (General formula C_nH_{2n - 2} )

Rules for naming alkenes & alkynes on page 718

Example and Practice 20.6 on page 719

 

Single bonds rotate freely.  Double and triple bonds are rigid…. no rotation.

Geometric isomers (same bonding – different shape)

Double bonds can be cis or trans

 

Aromatic hydrocarbons – cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons with strong aromas

•   Benzene  – simplest aromatic hydrocarbon

Naming Aromatic Compounds (Page 722-724))

Monosubstituted benzenes:    use the substituent name as a prefix of benzene 

Disubstituted benzenes – use numbers to indicate the position of substituents and the substituent name as a prefix of benzene

Benzene as a substituent group = phenyl

C. Naming Aromatic Compounds

Example and practice 20.7 on page 725

Homework: Page 726, #1, 4-6

 

Section 20.3

A. Functional Groups (Page 727)

Functional group – additional atom or groups of atoms (containing elements in addition to H and C) found on a mostly hydrocarbon molecule

All alcohols contain the –OH group (hydroxyl).

Example and Practice 20.8 on page 729

Homework: Page 731, #1-4

AP Chemistry: Week of December 7

Tuesday, 12/8: Organic nomenclature quiz  (Organic homework due.)

 

Semester Review

Due 12/7 and 12/11(corrections): Set A Stoichiometry, Gases, Solids, Liquids, Solutions

Due 12/8 and 12/14(corrections): Set B Thermochemistry

Due 12/9 and 12/15(corrections): Set C Equilibrium

 

If you lose your worksheets, email me and I can send an electronic copy.

 

Exam schedule:

1st period:  Friday, 12/18

2nd period:  Friday, 12/18

4th period:  Thursday, 12/17

 

Students are expected to be in class on Tuesday, 12/15:  Set C corrections are due and we will review Set B topics

 

Students are expected to be in class on Wednesday, 12/16:  Students will receive their Set C corrections back and we will be working on equilibrium problems in class.  There will be an equilibrium problem on the semester exam.